![]() ![]() Eukaryotic DNA is associated with many proteins which can fold it into complex structures. If mitosis proceeded without the chromosomes condensing, the DNA would become tangled and break. The process begins during prophase, when the chromosomes condense. Many of the organelles divide using a process that is essentially binary fission, leading scientist to believe that eukaryotes were formed by prokaryotes living inside of other prokaryotes.Īfter the DNA and organelles are replicated during interphase of the cell cycle, the eukaryote can begin the process of mitosis. Eukaryotes must replicate their DNA, organelles, and cell mechanisms before dividing. Eukaryotic Cell Division: MitosisĮukaryotic organisms have membrane bound organelles and DNA that exists on chromosomes, which makes cell division harder. They are also replicated so each cell can have enough to function. ![]() The ribosomes are small protein structures that help produce proteins. This is in part how antibiotic resistance in bacteria happens. If a plasmid is beneficial, it will increase in a population. These plasmids can then be further replicated. Plasmids are small rings of DNA that also get copied during binary fission and can be picked up in the environment, from dead cells that break apart. The process can be seen in the image below. The cell then gets longer, and divides in the middle. The two strands of DNA separate into two different sides of the prokaryote cell. This also allows the two new rings of DNA created to be separated after they are produced. To copy the DNA efficiently, it must be stretched out. Although the DNA in prokaryotes usually exists in a ring, it can get quite tangled when it is being used by the cell. The process is a little more complicated than this, as DNA must first be unwound by special proteins. Thus, when a prokaryote divides, it simply replicates the DNA and splits in half. Prokaryotes are simple organism, with only one membrane and no division internally. ![]() Prokaryotes replicate through a type of cell division known as binary fission. Types of Cell Division Prokaryotic Cell Division These different types of cell division are discussed below. This is necessary in sexual reproduction because each parent must give only half of the required genetic material, otherwise the offspring would have too much DNA, which can be a problem. Sexually-reproducing eukaryotes use a special form of cell division called meiosis to reduce the genetic content in the cell. Eukaryotes of all sizes use mitosis to divide. Most prokaryotes, or bacteria, use binary fission to divide the cell. Organisms have evolved over time to have different and more complex forms of cell division. There are several types of cell division, depending upon what type of organism is dividing. Cell division is the process cells go through to divide. ![]()
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